The Colonies Mature
U.S. History to 1877
The “middle”
colonies, late 1600s
New
York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
Like
New England
Family farms
Few slaves
Healthier
Like
the South
Individualistic
Rural
New York
New
Amsterdam in Dutch New Netherlands
New
York, taken by English, 1664
Diverse, contentious,
profit-oriented
Pennsylvania, 1682
William
Penn & Quakers
Spiritual equality,
suspicion of hierarchy
Austerity and intense
work ethic
Pennsylvania
and Philadelphia
Pluralism and tolerance
The Carolinas
Planning
a feudal utopia, 1669
The
Barbados connection
Black
majority
Rice and race
Malaria
and yellow fever
Gullah
Charleston, the South’s
only city
Rice plantations
Scotch-Irish
Settle
in the backcountry
Cultural
pessimism
Clannish
Violent;
intolerant of other’s opinions
Liberty
means freedom from restraint
Growing diversity
1700:
250,000
1775:
2,500,000
Most
immigrants not English
250,000
slaves imported
Total of 500,000 by 1776
An empire for trade
Royal
colonies
No
coordinated central control
Mercantilism
Navigation Acts, 1660
Staple Act, 1663